Potravinové alergie u psů - základy
Potravinová alergie je immune-mediated response na específic food proteins, zatímco food intolerance je non-immune reaction. True food allergies postihují 1-6% psů, ale food hypersensitivities overall dosahují 10-15%.
Nejčastější alergeny zahrnují: beef (34% případů), dairy products (17%), chicken (15%), wheat (13%), soy (6%), corn (4%). Fish, lamb a rice jsou tradičně považované za hypoalergenní.
Clinical signs často zahrnují: chronic ear infections (80% cases), itchy skin especially face/feet/belly, gastrointestinal symptoms (25% cases), chronic paw licking, recurrent skin infections despite antibiotic treatment.
Diagnostický proces a elimination diet
Gold standard pro diagnosis je elimination diet trial po dobu 8-12 týdnů using novel protein source. Intradermal skin testing a blood allergy tests mají high false positive rates pro food allergies.
Správně provedená elimination diet musí obsahovat: single novel protein source (venison, duck, kangaroo), single novel carbohydrate (sweet potato, quinoa), žádné treats/flavored medications/rawhides during trial period.
Improvement timeline: gastrointestinal symptoms často improve within 2-4 týdny, dermatologic symptoms vyžadují 6-8 týdnů minimum. Pokud no improvement po 12 týdnech, food allergy je unlikely primary cause.
Typy hypoalergenních krmiv
Novel protein diets používají uncommon protein sources jako venison, duck, kangaroo, rabbit. Effective pokud pes nebyl previously exposed. Limited ingredient formulas minimize potential allergen exposure.
Hydrolyzed protein diets obsahují proteins broken down to small peptides unable to trigger immune response. Hill's z/d, Royal Canin Anallergenic - highest degree of hydrolysis, veterinary prescription required.
Prescription vs OTC: prescription diets have stricter manufacturing controls to prevent cross-contamination. OTC "hypoallergenic" foods often contain traces of common allergens due to shared production lines.
Nejlepší hypoalergenní krmiva - test
Hill's Prescription Diet z/d - extensively hydrolyzed chicken proteins, single carbohydrate source (corn starch). Clinical studies show 95% dogs improve within 8 týdnů. Cena: 2800-3200 Kč/10kg.
Royal Canin Anallergenic - hydrolyzed poultry protein, tapioca jako carbohydrate source. Lower allergenicity than z/d, excellent for severe cases. Cena: 3000-3500 Kč/8kg.
Blue Buffalo Basics Limited Ingredient - duck and potato formula, no chicken, beef, corn, wheat, soy. OTC option pro milder cases. Cena: 2200-2600 Kč/10.8kg.
Wellness Simple Limited Ingredient - salmon and potato, minimal ingredients, prebiotics for gut health. Good palatability, suitable for long-term feeding. Cena: 2400-2800 Kč/11kg.
Implementation a dlouhodobé management
Transition period musí být gradual i při hypoalergenních dietách - 7-10 days mixing increasing ratios of new food. GI upset během transition může mask food allergy improvements.
Treat options for allergic dogs: freeze-dried single proteins (same as diet), vegetable treats (carrots, green beans), prescription treats matching diet protein source. Always check treat labels for hidden ingredients.
Long-term monitoring zahrnuje: regular veterinary check-ups every 6 months, periodic food challenges to identify additional allergens, watching for development of new sensitivities over time.
Complementary therapies a troubleshooting
Probiotics mohou support gut health a potentially reduce food sensitivities. Strain-specific probiotics pro dogs (Enterococcus faecium, Bacillus subtilis) under veterinary guidance.
Environmental allergen control je často equally important - dust mites, pollen, cleaning products can compound food allergy symptoms. Consider environmental allergy testing if food diet alone insufficient.
Common troubleshooting issues: continued symptoms despite diet compliance (check for hidden allergens in treats/medications), weight loss na restrictive diet (increase feeding frequency), poor palatability of hydrolyzed diets (warm food, add small amount prescription broth).